ABC Approves Key Rule Changes for MMA: 12-to-6 Elbows and Downed Fighter Definition Revised

Matt Hamill vs Jon Jones

In a landmark decision, the Association of Boxing Commissions (ABC) has voted to revise two pivotal rules in mixed martial arts, impacting the use of 12-to-6 elbows and redefining what constitutes a "downed fighter." These changes, effective November 1, aim to address longstanding controversies and inconsistencies in the sport.

One of the most significant rule changes pertains to the 12-to-6 elbow strike. Previously, this move—where a fighter brings their arm up straight and then down to land an elbow—was illegal, leading to the only disqualification loss on Jon Jones' record during his 2009 bout against Matt Hamill. Jones was penalized after delivering multiple 12-to-6 elbows, which resulted in Hamill being unable to continue. The referee's call (ABC) to disqualify Jones remains a contentious point in his otherwise stellar career. 

The confusion surrounding the 12-to-6 elbow stemmed from the fact that similar strikes thrown at angles other than directly up and down were deemed legal, often leaving the decision to the referee's discretion. With the new rule, this ambiguity is eliminated, ensuring consistent enforcement across matches.

Another ABC critical update involves the definition of a "downed fighter," specifically concerning the legality of kicks and knees to the head. Under the old rule, a fighter was considered downed if at least one hand and any other body part were touching the canvas, rendering them protected from head strikes. The revised rule states:

“A fighter shall be considered grounded and may not be legally kneed or kicked to the head when any part of their body other than their hands or feet is in contact with the canvas (ground).”

This adjustment means that only when a fighter has a body part such as a knee or elbow on the ground, apart from their hands or feet, are they considered downed. This change clarifies the previous rule, ensuring fighters and referees have a clear understanding of when head strikes are permissible.

The ABC's decision followed a vote by a committee comprising notable figures like California State Athletic Commission executive director Andy Foster, Nevada Athletic Commission executive director Jeff Mullen, and respected officials including Marc Goddard, Herb Dean, and John McCarthy.

Although these rule changes were approved, they won't be implemented until November 1, providing time for fighters, referees, and athletic commissions to adapt and incorporate the new standards into training and regulation.

With these updates, the ABC aims to enhance fairness and clarity in MMA, addressing issues that have long plagued the sport. Be sure to stay up to date with all ABC Guidelines.